GENE REGULATION
VITAMIN D RECEPTOR
DM-200
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol)
99%, MW=416.6 [32222-06-3] Storage: -70°C
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is the active hormonal form of vitamin D1.
It is a central regulator of bone and calcium homeostasis. Polymorphism in the vitamin D
receptor gene has recently been linked to a genetic disposition to osteoporosis2,3. It inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of a
variety of cells including osteoclasts4, keratinocytes5, HL-60 cells6 vascular smooth
muscle cells7 and bone marrow macrophage precursors8. It can activate signal transduction pathways that include
hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine and formation of diacylglycerol in chick myoblasts9, and activation of Raf kinase in rat hepatic primary
cells and 3T3 fibroblasts10. It regulates c-myc
protooncogene transcription11, interleukin-8 expression12 and induction of cyclooxygenase13.
It directly activates protein kinase C at physiological concentrations (EC50=16
nM)14.
50 µg
5 x 50 µg
1 mg
DM-100
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3
99%, MW=400.6 [19356-17-3] Storage: -20°C
Intermediate in the biosynthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Major circulating
metabolite of vitamin D315.
1 mg
5 mg
DM-300
24(R), 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
99%, MW=416.6 [40013-87-4] Storage: -70°C
Major metabolite of vitamin D31. Mediates calcium
and phosphorous homeostasis16. Inhibits
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and testosterone potentiation of calcium channels in
osteosarcoma cells17.
50 µg
5 x 50 µg
SE-140
Vitamin D3 Receptor (human, recombinant)
>75% by SDS-PAGE, 48 kDa, Storage: -20°C
Purified vitamin D3 receptor expressed in a baculovirus expression system. This
product retains native vitamin D3 affinity and ability to bind the human
osteocalcin gene vitamin D response element (VDRE). Supplied at ~4 µM in 50% glycerol
buffer. Specific activity: Binds 4.9 nmol 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin
D3/mg protein. Applications: To study receptor/ligand binding; transcriptional
activation of VDRE's; quantification of 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin
D3 in samples18,19,20.
750 pmol
SA-180
Anti-Vitamin D receptor (VDR)
Rat monoclonal antibody. Clone 9A7. Immunogen: Partially purified chicken intestinal
cytoplasmic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor protein21,22.
Supplied as purified IgG2b, 1 mg/ml. Recognizes VDR epitope C-terminal to the DNA binding
zinc finger domain. Reacts with occupied and unoccupied receptor. Cross-reacts with all
avian and mammalian VDR. No cross-reaction with glucocorticoid and estrogen receptors, or
serum and cytosolic vitamin D-binding proteins23,24,25.
Applications: WB 1 µg/ml, IC 5 µg/ml, IP.
50 µg
NEW LOWER PRICE
RETINOIDS
GR-104
AM-580
98%, MW=351.4 [102121-60-8] Storage: -20°C
Retinoic acid analog which acts as a selective RARa agonist26 with no affinity for RXR's27.
Induces differentiation in leukemia cell lines28,29, and
inhibits angiogenesis in chick embryos30.
5 mg
25 mg
GR-103
4-Hydroxyphenylretinamide
97%, MW=391.5 [65646-68-6] Storage: -20°C
An analog of all trans retinoic acid that shows antiproliferative activity on cultured
human breast cancer cells31,32. Highly selective activator
of retinoid receptors33. Induces apoptosis in malignant
hemopoietic cell lines34,35.
5 mg
25 mg
GR-106
Methoprene acid
11-Methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2E,4E-dodecadienoic acid
98%, MW=268.4, Storage: -20°C
Methoprene acid is an analog of the insect growth regulator, juvenile hormone. It directly
binds to RXR and is a transcriptional activator in both insect and mammalian cells. It is
RXR specific and does not activate the RAR pathway36.
5 mg
25 mg
GR-100
Retinoic acid, all trans
>95%, MW=300.4 [302-79-4] Storage: -20°C
Retinoic acid is the active metabolite of vitamin A. It is a potent modulator of growth
and differentiation37 exerting its effects by binding to
nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) which directly regulate gene expression38. All-trans retinoic acid binds to RAR , and subtypes with Kd
values of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.2 nM respectively39. RARs function
as ligand-dependent transcription factors38,40.
500 mg
5 g
GR-101
9-cis Retinoic acid
99%, MW=300.4 [5300-03-8] Storage: -20°C
A high affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptor (RXR)41,42,43.
Destabilizes VDR-RXR heterodimer-DNA complex44. Biosynthesis
via isomerization of all trans retinoic acid45.
5 mg
25 mg
GR-102
13-cis Retinoic acid
>95%, MW=300.4 [4759-48-2] Storage: -20°C
A potent modulator of growth and differentiation46.
Clinically used in a variety of skin disorders47,48,49.
100 mg
500 mg
GR-105
TTNPB (Ro 13-7410)
4-[E-2-(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl]benzoic acid
98%, MW=348.5 [71441-28-6] Storage: -20°C
Retinoic acid analog which acts as a selective RAR agonist50,51.
5 mg
25 mg
SA-157
Anti-Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)
Rabbit polyclonal antibody. Immunogen: Mouse RAR (444-462) C-terminal peptide52. Supplied as serum. Recognizes human and mouse ~45 kDa RAR.
No cross-reactivity with RAR or isotypes. Applications: WB 1/1000.
100 µl
SA-178
Anti-Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)
Mouse monoclonal antibody. Clone R10. Immunogen: Mouse RAR (444-462) C-terminal peptide52. Supplied as IgG1, lyophilized. Recognizes human, rat and
mouse RAR in cell lines and tissue extracts. No cross-reactivity with RAR or isotypes.
Applications: WB 1-2 µg/ml.
50 µg
SA-158
Anti-Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)
Rabbit polyclonal antibody. Immunogen: Mouse RAR (429-448) C-terminal peptide52. Supplied as serum. Recognizes human and mouse RAR. Slight
cross-reactivity to RAR but none to . Applications: WB 1/1000.
100 µl
SA-179
Anti-Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)
Mouse monoclonal antibody. Clone R28. Immunogen: Mouse RAR (429-448) C-terminal peptide52. Supplied as IgG2a, lyophilized. Recognizes human and mouse
but not rat RAR. No cross-reactivity with RAR or in cell lines or tissue extracts. WB 1-2
µg/ml.
50 µg
SA-203
Anti-Retinoic X receptor b (RXRb)
Mouse monoclonal antibody. Clone MOK13-17. Immunogen: Recombinant human RXRb. Supplied as 2 mg/ml IgG1 in PBS diluted ascites. Recognizes human
and mouse RXRb ~50 kDa. No cross-reactivity with RXRa or g isotypes. Applications: WB 5
µg/ml, IP and IF. Gel super-shift assays show disruption of the VDR/RXRb/VDRE (DNA) complex when RXRb was
preincubated with MOK13-17. In contrast, THR/RXRb heterodimer
show a supershift by this antibody53-56.
25 µg
100 µg
SE-127
Retinoid X receptor b (RXRb) (human,
recombinant)
Partially purified, 51 kDa, Storage: -70°C
Entire coding region of RXRb (rH2RIIBP) expressed in
baculovirus/Sf953-56. Supplied partially purified at 2 mg/ml
total protein (~0.6 mg/ml RXRb). Applications: Gel
shift assays (3 µg); Western blotting control for SA-203, above.
50 µg
5 x 50 µg
PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPARS)
Peroxisome proliferators are a diverse group of substances which induce a massive
accumulation of peroxisomes in hepatocytes and strongly induce enzymes of the peroxisomal
and microsomal fatty-acid oxidation systems. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors,
PPARs, belong to a family of nuclear hormone receptors shared by thyroid, retinoid and
vitamin D receptors. PPARs can heterodimerize with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and directly
regulate gene transcription via interaction with response elements57,58,59.
GR-205
Ciglitizone
MW=333.5 [74772-77-3]
Ciglitizone is a thiazolidinedione type of antihyperglycemic agent. It displays
antihyperglycemic activity in genetically obese C57 B1/6 ob/ob mice60
and is a selective PPARg agonist (EC50=3 mM)61.
5 mg
25 mg
EI-160
Clofibrate
2-(p-Chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid, ethyl ester
Peroxisome proliferator that induces cytochrome P-450 IVA1 and IVA3.
ET-004
5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA)
ETYA is 100-fold more effective than WY-14643 at activation of PPAR.
RA-101
LY 171883
Activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)62.
PG-050
15d-PGJ2 (15-deoxy-D12,14-Prostaglandin J2)
15d-PGJ2 is a metabolite of PGD2 recently shown to activate PPARg-dependent adipogenesis in transfected 3T3 cells, and activates a
PPARg response element in CV-1 cells. 15d-PGJ2 competes with
thiazolidinediones for PPARg binding. It has been proposed to
be a natural ligand for PPARg63,64.
GR-200
WY-14643
4-Chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthioacetic acid
98%, MW=323.8 [50892-23-4] Storage: RT
WY-14643 is a potent and widely used PPAR activator65,66,67.
It has been shown to be selective for PPARa68.
50 mg
250 mg
SA-206
Anti-PPARg1,2, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
Rabbit polyclonal antibody. Immunogen: Mouse PPARg2 peptide
(284-298), identical to PPARg1 conjugated to a carrier69,70,71. Supplied as serum. Recognizes human, rat and mouse
PPARg1,2. No crossreactivity to PPARa
or NUCI. Applications: WB 1/2000 and gel super-shift assays.
100 µl
SA-207
Anti-PPARs, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
Rabbit polyclonal antibody. Immunogen: Mouse PPARg2 C-term
peptide (484-498) conjugated to a carrier. This sequence is highly conserved in human, rat
and mouse PPARg1, PPARa and PPARd (NUCI) 69,70,71. Supplied as serum.
Recognizes rat PPARa, mouse PPARg1
and PPARg2 and others. Applications: WB 1/2000 and gel
super-shift assays (PPARg2 in mouse 3T3L1).
100 µl
LEPTIN
Obese (OB) Gene Product
Insight into the genetic regulation of obesity has come from the study of the ob/ob
mouse. These mice grow massively obese and develop diabetes mellitus due to overeating and
increased metabolic efficiency. Recently the obese gene was cloned and shown to encode the
leptin protein. Mature, secreted leptin is 146 amino acids in length and is a unique
protein. The obese mRNA is expressed selectively in adipose tissue. Treatment of ob/ob
mice with leptin caused reversal of the obese phenotype72-75.
SE-161
Leptin (human, recombinant )
>95% by SDS-PAGE, MW=16 kDa, Storage: -20°C
Leptin (obese gene product) is a ligand for the OB receptor. This 146 amino acid
recombinant protein is expressed in E. coli. It is highly purified and biologically
active. Supplied lyophilized.
0.5 mg
5 x 0.5 mg
SE-160
Leptin (murine, recombinant )
>95% by SDS-PAGE, MW=16 kDa, Storage: -20°C
Same as SE-161 above, but this is mouse species. Supplied lyophilized.
1 mg
5 x 1 mg
SA-268
Anti-Leptin, Human and Mouse
Rabbit polyclonal antibody. Immunogen: Human and mouse recombinant leptins (obese gene
product)76. Supplied as purified IgG, 1 mg/ml. Recognizes 16
kDa human and mouse 16 kDa leptin. Applications: WB 1 µg/ml (using alkaline phosphatase
and BCIP/NBT), ELISA.
100 µg
SA-215
Anti-Leptin (OB gene product)
Rabbit polyclonal antibody. Immunogen: Mouse leptin (obese gene product) peptide residues
25-44 conjugated to a carrier. Supplied as peptide antigen immunoaffinity purified IgG.
Recognizes mouse recombinant 16 kDa leptin and leptin in mouse 3T3-L1 cells induced to
differentiate into adipocytes. Crossreacts with recombinant human leptin in WB.
Applications: WB 1/2000, ELISA for mouse.
50 µl
NF-kB
NF-kB INHIBITORS
NF-kB is a transcriptional activator of many
pro-inflammatory proteins. The NF-kB inhibitor protein IkB is degraded by the proteasome, thereby releasing activated NF-kB. Several proteasome inhibitors such as MG-132 and lactacystin can
penetrate cells and inhibit NF-kB activation.
PI-102
MG-132
Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-CHO
A potent and selective reversible proteasome inhibitor (Ki= 4 nM). Inhibits NF-kB activation (IC50=3 mM)77.
PI-104
Lactacystin
A potent and selective irreversible proteasome inhibitor78.
Inhibits NF-kB activation (IC50=10 mM)3. Induces neurite outgrowth in Neuro 2A mouse neuroblastoma
cells79.
P-600
NF-kB SN50, cell-permeable inhibitory peptide
>97%, MW=2782, Storage: -20°C
Sequence contains the nuclear localization sequence (NLS residues 360-369) of the
transcription factor NF-kB p50 linked to a peptide
cell-permeablization sequence, the hydrophobic region (h-region) of the signal peptide of
Kaposi fibroblast growth factor (K-FGF). Peptide inhibits translocation of the NF-kB active complex into the nucleus. In murine endothelial LE-II cells
induced with LPS, inhibition of NF-kB nuclear translocation was
88% at 50 µg/ml (18 µM). In human monocytic THP-1 cells induced by LPS or TNFa there was 85% inhibition at 100 µg/ml80.
0.5 mg
5 x 0.5 mg
P-601
NF-kB SN50M, cell-permeable control peptide
>97%, MW=2668, Storage: -20°C
Inactive control peptide for the cell-permeable NF-kB
inhibitory peptide SN50 (P-600, above). Contains the nuclear localization sequence (NLS
residues 360-369) of the transcription factor NF-kB p50 linked
to the hydrophobic region (h-region) of the signal peptide of Kaposi fibroblast growth
factor (K-FGF), except this control peptide has Lys-363 to Asn and Arg-364 to Gly. In
murine endothelial LE-II cells induced with LPS, SN50M peptide had no measureable effect
on NF-kB translocation at 50 µg/ml. In human monocytic THP-1
cells induced by LPS or TNFa, there was slight inhibition of
nuclear transport at 100 µg/ml80.
0.5 mg
5 x 0.5 mg
PG-001
Prostaglandin A1
Prostaglandin A1 is a potent inhibitor of NF-kB
activation in human cells (3-48 mM). It acts by inhibiting
phosphorylation and preventing degradation of IkB81.
NF-kB ANTIBODIES
SA-170
Anti-NF-kB p50 subunit
Rabbit polyclonal antibody. Immunogen: Human NF-kB p50
N-terminal peptide conjugated to KLH. Supplied as serum. Reacts with human but not mouse
p50 and precursor protein p105. Applications: WB 1/1000, IP, ELISA, Gel supershift assay
(reactive against p50:p50 homodimers using 1 µl per assay; less reactive for p50:p65
heterodimers). Supplied with 50 µg of control peptide.
100 µl
SA-171
Anti-NF-kB p65 subunit
Rabbit polyclonal antibody. Immunogen: Human NF-B p65 C-terminal peptide conjugated to
KLH. Supplied as serum. Reacts with human and mouse p65. Applications: WB 1/1000, IP,
ELISA, Gel supershift assay (reactive against all human and mouse p65 containing NF-B
complexes using 1 µl per assay). Supplied with 50 µg of control peptide.
100 µl
SA-172
Anti-NF-kB c-rel
Rabbit polyclonal antibody. Immunogen: Human c-rel C-terminal peptide conjugated to KLH.
Supplied as serum. Recognizes human but not mouse c-rel. Applications: WB 1/1000, IP,
ELISA, Gel supershift assay (reactive against NF-kB complexes
containing c-rel homo- and heterodimers using 1 µl per assay). Includes 50 µg of control
peptide.
100 µl
SA-173
Anti-IBa, NF-kB regulatory subunit
Rabbit polyclonal antibody. Immunogen: Human IBa N-terminal
peptide conjugated to KLH. Supplied as serum. Recognizes human but not mouse IBa. Applications: WB 1/1000, IP, ELISA. Includes 50 µg of control
peptide.
100 µl
SA-238
Anti-IBb, NF-kB regulatory subunit
Rabbit polyclonal antibody. Immunogen: Human IBb C-terminal
peptide conjugated to KLH. Supplied as serum. Recognizes human, rat and mouse IBb. Applications: WB 1/1000, IP, ELISA. Includes 50 µg of control
peptide.
100 µl
SA-174
Anti-NF-kB kit, polyclonal antibodies and peptides
Contains c-rel, IBa, p50 and p65 rabbit polyclonal antibodies
(SA-170 to SA-173; 100 µl each) and corresponding control peptides (50 µg each). Also
includes GAR-HRP secondary antibody (2 mg) specifically tested for use with the above
antibodies. The kit supplies reagents suitable for the analysis of human NF-kB transcription factor and regulator IBa.
For use in WB, IP, ELISA and gel supershift assay.
1 Kit
OTHER GENE REGULATION REAGENTS
GR-300
Actinomycin D
98% MW=1255.5 [50-76-0] Storage: -20°C
A widely used intercalating transcription inhibitor.
5 mg
5 x 5 mg
GR-301
Camptothecin
97%, MW=348.4 [7689-03-4] Storage: 0°C
Reversibly inhibits nuclear topoisomerase I by binding to and stabilizing the
topoisomerase-DNA covalent complex82,83,84. It inhibits
Tat-mediated transactivation of HIV-185. Induces apoptosis
in osteosarcoma86 and hepatoma cells87.
50 mg
250 mg
GR-302
Chromomycin A3
98% MW=1183.3 [7059-24-7] Storage: -20°C
Chromomycin A3 is a GC-specific DNA ligand which inhibits transcription88. It may be used as a fluorescent DNA stain89,90.
10 mg
5 x 10 mg
GR-310
Cycloheximide
95%, MW=281.4 [66-81-9] Storage: RT
Inhibits protein synthesis in eucaryotes by interfering with the translocation step.
Induces apoptosis in a variety of cells91,92 but also can
delay93 or inhibit94 apoptosis
induced by other agents.
5 g
GR-307
Etoposide (VP-16)
>97%, MW=588.6 [33419-42-0] Storage: RT
Topoisomerase II inhibitor95. Widely used apoptosis inducer.
Clinically useful cancer therapeutic agent96,97.
100 mg
500 mg
GR-303
HOE-33342?HCl (Bisbenzimide)
2'-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2',5'-bi-1H-benzimidazole
>95%, MW=561.9 [23491-52-3] Storage: -20°C
HOE-33342 is an AT-specific DNA minor groove ligand88.
Induces cell differentiation90. May be used as a fluorescent
DNA stain98.
100 mg
5 x 100 mg
GR-304
Homoharringtonine
98%, MW=545.6 [26833-87-4] Storage: -20°C
Homoharringtonine is a cephalotaxine alkaloid that induces heat protection and facilitates
dissociation of heat shock transcription factor and heat shock element complex99. Shows antiproliferative activity in various cancer cell
lines100,101.
5 mg
5 x 5 mg
GR-308
b-Lapachone
98%, MW=242.4 [4707-32-8] Storage: RT
Novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor. Unlike camptothecin, b-lapachone
does not stabilize the cleavable complex, indicating a novel mode of action102.
Induces apoptosis in HL-60 and human prostate cancer cells via a p53-independent mechanism
and blocks cell cycle at G0/G1103.
5 mg
25 mg
GR-313
Lycorine HCl
98%, MW=323.8 [476-28-8] Storage: -20°C
Lycorine is a eucaryotic termination inhibitor104.
10 mg
50 mg
GR-305
Mithramycin A
>96%, MW=1085.2 [18378-89-7] Storage: -20°C
Mithramycin noncovalently interacts with G-C-rich duplex DNA in the presence of Mg2+ or
Zn2+ 105. It induces differentiation of leukemic cells
accompanied by an early decrease in c-myc expression106,107.
It selectively inhibits collagen-1 gene expression in human fibroblasts108.
1 mg
5 x 1 mg
GR-311
Mitomycin C
95%, MW=334.3 [50-07-7] Storage: -20°C
A DNA crosslinking and damaging agent. Inhibits DNA synthesis109.
Induces apoptosis in a variety of cells via a p53-dependent pathway.
2 mg
10 mg
A-256
Novobiocin sodium (U-6591)
>90%, MW=634.6 [1476-53-5] Storage: 0°C
Novobiocin inhibits topoisomerase II111, causes DNA
relaxation112 and changes in DNA repair113.
It prevents radiation-induced alterations in DNA114 and
enhances the cytotoxicity of alkylating agents and cisplatin115.
1 g
5 g
GR-312
Puromycin?HCl
98%, MW=544.4 [3506-23-8] Storage: -20°C
Protein synthesis inhibitor. Causes premature chain termination. Induces apoptosis in a
variety of cells116,117. Inhibits a "puromycin
sensitive" aminopeptidase and arrests cells in G2/M phase118.
50 mg
250 mg
GR-306
Rifampicin
3-[4-Methylpiperazinyliminomethyl]rifamycin SV
>95%, MW=823.0 [13292-46-1] Storage: 0°C
A selective inhibitor of bacterial DNA-dependant RNA polymerase (RNAP). Has no effect on
mammalian RNA polymerase. The RNAP-rifampicin complex locks the promoter in an abortive
initiation reaction making short oligoribonucleotides which diffuse out of the active site119.
1 g
5 x 1 g
A-282
Streptolydigin (U-5481)
98%, MW=600.7 [7229-50-7] Storage: 0°C
Inhibits assembly of the RNA polymerase II transcription complex in bacteria120. Inhibits RNA polymerase III transcription121.
10 mg
50 mg
GR-309
Trichostatin A
99%, MW=302.4 [58880-19-6] Storage: -20°C
Reversible acetylation of lysines located at the conserved domain of core histones plays
an important role in the regulation of chromatin structure and its transcriptional
activity122,123,124. Trichostatin A (TSA) is a potent and
reversible inhibitor of histone deacetylase. In HeLa cells, TSA blocked cell cycle
progression at G1 and induced a 12-fold increase in intracellular levels of gelsolin125. In cells latently infected with HIV-1, TSA induced the
transcriptional activation of the HIV-1 promoter, which resulted in a marked increase in
virus production126. In NIH 3T3 cells, TSA induced
reversion of oncogenic ras-transformed cells to a normal morphology127.
In Jurkat cells, TSA inhibited IL-2 gene expression (IC50=73 nM) and displayed
immunosuppressive activity in a mouse model128.
Trichostatin A is a new useful tool for induction of hyperacetylation of cellular histones
and for further elucidation of their role in gene expression.
1 mg
5 x 1 mg
OTHER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ANTIBODIES
SA-210
Anti-AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor)
Rabbit polyclonal antibody. Immunogen: Recombinant N-term fragment of B-1 AhR (residues
1-402)129. Recognizes AhR ~95 kDa protein in rat and mouse
liver. No cross-reactivity to Arnt.
INQUIRE
SA-138
Anti-c-myc
Mouse monoclonal antibody. Clone 9E10. Immunogen: Human pp62 c-myc (408-432)
peptide130,131. Supplied as IgG1 ascites. Target is c-myc
epitope EQKLISEEDL. Will detect c-myc in cells that overexpress the protein.
Applications: WB 1/1000, IF, IP for epitope tagging only.
200 µl
5 x 200 µl
REFERENCES
1. H.F. DeLuca and H.K. Schnoes Annu. Rep. Med. Chem. 1984 19 179
2. G.R. Mundy Nature 1994 367 216
3. N.A. Morrison et al. Nature 1994 367 284
4. M. Thavarajah et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991 176 1189
5. K. Matsumoto et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990 166 916
6. D.J. Mangelsdorf et al. J. Cell. Biol. 1984 98 391
7. E.P.M. Carthy et al. Hypertension 1989 13 954
8. D.R. Clohisy et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1987 262 15922
9. A.R. deBoland et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1994 269 8675
10. T.W. Lissoos et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1993 268 15132
11. R.U. Simpson et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1989 264 19710
12. C.G. Larsen et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991 176 1020
13. M. Wakasugi et al. Prostaglandins 1991 42 127
14. S.J. Slater et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1995 270 6639
15. H.F. DeLuca et al J. Clin. Invest. 1969 48 1273
16. A.W. Norman et al. Life Sci. 1980 27 229
17. K. Takeuchi and S.E.Guggino J. Biol. Chem. 1996 271 33335
18. T. Sone et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1990 265 21997
19. T.K. Ross et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991 88 6555
20. Z. Li et al. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1994 310 347
21. J.W. Pike et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1982 79 7719
22. J.W. Pike et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1983 258 1289
23. P. Milde et al. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1989 37 1609
24. P.N. MacDonald et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1991 266 18808
25. T. Clemens et al. Endocrinology 1988 122 1224
26. B. Martin et al. Skin Pharmacol. 1992 5 57
27. M. Teng et al. J. Med. Chem. 1996 39 3035
28. M. Gianni et al. Blood 1996 87 1520
29. S.C. Brooks et al. Blood 1996 87 227
30. T. Oikawa et al. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1993 249 113
31. C. Marth et al. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1985 75 871
32. C.J. Grubbs et al. Anticancer Res. 1990 10 661
33. A.N. Fanjul et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1996 271 22441
34. D. Delia et al. Cancer Res. 1993 53 6036
35. M. Ponzoni et al. Cancer Res. 1995 55 853
36. M.A. Harmon et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995 92 6157
37. C. Thaller and G. Eichele Nature 1990 345 815
38. M. Leid et al. Trends Biochem. Sci. 1992 17 427
39. G. Allenby et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1994 269 16689
40. L.M. De Luca FASEB J. 1991 5 2924
41. G. Allenby et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993 90 30
42. R.A. Heyman et al. Cell 1992 68 397
43. A.A. Levin et al. Nature 1992 355 359
44. B. Cheskis and L.P. Freedman Mol. Cell. Biol. 1994 14 3329
45. J. Urbach and R.R. Rando Biochem. J. 1994 299 459
46. F. Frickel Pure. Appl. Chem. 1985 57 709
47. A. Ward et al. Drugs 1984 28 6
48. A. Vahlquist Dermatologica 1987 175 Suppl. 1, 20
49. G.J. Gendimenico and J.A. Mezick Skin Pharmacol. 1993 6 Suppl. 1, 24
50. M.F. Boehm et al. J. Med. Chem. 1994 37 2930
51. R.P. Bissonnette et al. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1995 15 5576
52. M. Ali et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1992 182 1032
53. M.S. Marks et al. Mol. Endocrinol. 1992 6 219
54. P.N. MacDonald et al. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1992 13 5907
55. T.J. Berrodin et al. Mol. Endocrinol. 1992 6 1468
56. S. Minucci et al. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1994 14 360
57. S. Green and W. Wahli Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1994 100 149
58. S.A. Kliewer et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994 91 7355
59. T. Gulick et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994 91 11012
60. B.C.C.Cantello et al J. Med. Chem. 1994 37 3977
61. T.M. Willson et al J. Med. Chem. 1996 39 665
62. J.R. Cannon and P.I. Eacho Biochem. J. 1991 280 387
63. B.M. Forman et al. Cell 1995 83 803
64. S.A. Kliewer et al. Cell 1995 83 813
65. H. Keller and W. Wahli Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 1993 4 291
66. C. Dreyer et al. Cell 1992 68 879
67. I. Issemann and S. Green Nature 1990 347 645
68. J.D. Tugwood et al. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1996 804 252
69. T. Sher et al. Biochemistry 1993 32 5598
70. P. Tontonoz et al. Genes Develop. 1994 8 1224
71. A. Schmidt et al. Mol. Endocrinol. 1992 6 1634
72. Y. Zhang et al. Nature 1994 372 425
73. D.L. Coleman Diabetologia 1978 14 141
74. O.A. MacDonald et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995 92 9034
75. L.A. Campfield et al. Science 1995 269 546
76. J.L. Halaas et al. Science 1995 269 543
77. J. Adams and R. Stein Ann. Rep. Med. Chem. 1996 31 279
78. G. Fenteany et al. Science 1995 268 726
79. G. Fenteany et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994 91 3358
80. Y-Z. Lin et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1995 270 14255
81. A. Rossi et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997 94 746
82. R.P. Hertzberg et al. Biochem. J. 1990 28 4629
83. R.P. Hertzberg et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1990 265 19287
84. Y.H. Hsiang et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1985 260 14873
85. C.J. Li. et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1994 269 7051
86. D.W. Nicholson et al. Nature 1995 376 37
87. A. Suzuki and M. Kato Exp. Cell. Res. 1996 227 154
88. S.S.C. Wong et al. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1994 47 827
89. C.-J. Jeon and R.H. Masland et al. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1993 41 1651
90. H.A. Crissman Methods Cell Biol. 1990 33 97
91. R.J. Grand et al. Exp. Cell Res. 1995 218 439
92. J. Lotem and L. Sachs Cell Growth Differ. 1995 6 647
93. S.C. Chow et al. Exp. Cell Res. 1995 216 149
94. J. Aten et al. Cell Immunol. 1995 161 98
95. J.O. Fearnhead et al. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1994 48 1073
96. R.S. de Jong et al. Anticancer Res. 1995 15 2319
97. J.D. Hainsworth and F.A. Greco Ann. Oncol. 1995 6 325
98. B. Steuer et al. Exp. Cell Res. 1990 186 149
99. Y.J. Lee et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1993 197 1011
100. L.J. Wilkoff et al. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 1993 33 149
101. J.Y. Zhou et al. Cancer Res. 1990 50 2031
102. C.J. Li et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1993 268 22463
103. S.M. Planchon et al. Cancer Res. 1995 55 3706
104. R. Vrijsen et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1986 261 505
105. C. Demicheli et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 1991 198 333
106. C.A Koller and D.M. Miller N. Engl. J. Med. 1986 315 1433
107. R. Ray et al. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1990 300 203
108. M.C. Nehls et al. J. Clin. Invest. 1993 92 2916
109. M. Tomasz et al. Science 1995 235 1204
110. G.R. Merlo et al. J. Cell Biol. 1995 128 1185
111. A. Sugino et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1978 75 4838
112. J.C. Liebart et al. Mol. Microbiol. 1989 3 269
113. M.R. Mattern et al. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1982 697 6
114. M. Kapiszewska and C.S. Lange Radiation Res. 1991 127 285
115. G.K. Ellis et al. Cancer 1991 67 2969
116. M. Brunetti et al. Blood 1995 86 4199
117. M. Sugita et al. Zoolog. Sci. 1995 12 419
118. D.B. Constam et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1995 270 26931
119. K. Severinov J. Biol. Chem. 1993 268 14820
120. K. Logan et al. DNA 1989 8 595
121. K. Logan and S. Ackerman DNA 1988 7 483
122. R. Sternglanz Trends Biochem. Sci. 1996 21 357
123. M. Yoshida et al. Bioessays 1995 17 423
124. J. Taunton et al. Science 1996 272 371
125. Y. Hoshikawa et al. Exp. Cell Res. 1994 214 189
126. C. Van Lint et al. EMBO J. 1996 15 1112
127. M. Futamura et al. Oncogene 1995 10 1119
128. I. Takahashi et al. J. Antibiotics 1996 49 453
129. Pollenz et al. Mol. Pharmacol. 1994 45 428
130. P. Kolodjiej and R. Young Methods Enzymol. 1991 194 508
131. G. Evan et al. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1985 5 3610
TWC Biosearch International Home Page