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R & D Systems

The R&D Systems' Cytokine & ELISA Search Engine

In addition to being the best source of Cytokines in the world, R&D Systems' also offers some very high quality Immunoassay kits.

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R&D Systems is your best source for Cytokines
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Flow Cytometry Kits for Cell Surface Staining

• What are Fluorokine(tm) Cytokine Receptor Detection Kits?
  
• Available Fluorokine Kits
  
• Fluorokine Trouble Shooting Guide

  Additional Flow Cytometry Reagents:
  

• Annexin V Kit
  
• Cell Surface Cytokine Staining Reagents
  
• Intracellular Staining Reagents
• StatusFlow (tm) Whole Blood Control
  
• StatusFlow Website
  
• Cell Separation Columns
  

Fluorokine(tm) Cytokine Receptor Detection Kits
R&D Systems' Fluorokine Cytokine Receptor Detection Kits are for the identification of functional cytokine receptors on cell surfaces using fluorochrome-labeled cytokines. They provide a means to monitor receptor expression based on the specificity of ligand-receptor interactions by flow cytometry. This circumvents any untoward antibody reactivities due to the complexities of cytokine receptor structures, such as high and low affinity forms of receptors and the conservation of protein chains among different cytokine receptors. Fluorokine kits allow the determination of the fraction of cells bearing specific cytokine receptors.

R&D Systems' labeled cytokines are biotin- or phycoerythrin-conjugated proteins optimized for retention of biological activity and for detection of cell surface cytokine receptors. Biotinylated cytokines make use of an amplification system that allows multiple avidin-Fluorescein molecules to react with the cell-bound cytokine. This results in a brighter signal than conventional staining, while retaining the specificity of a low concentration of ligand. Fluorokine kits are compatible with fluorescent antibodies, enabling simultaneous multiparameter analysis of cells, and are ideally suited for the identification of subpopulations of cells that are differentially responsive to cytokines.

We also offer fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies for intracellular cytokine staining via flow cytometry. Intracellular cytokine staining requires that cells first be fixed and then permeabilized, allowing conjugated antibodies access to proteins within the cell. The conjugated antibody is then able to bind to its target cytokine within the cell. Following a final wash, the cells are analyzed on a flow cytometer. Flow cytometric analysis of CFS conjugates will generate a signal which can be detected in the fluorescein signal detector (usually FL1) while R-PE conjugates will generate signal which can be monitored by the detector reserved for phycoerythrin emission (usually FL2). See Intracellular Cytokine Staining for more details.

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Cell Surface Cytokine Staining Reagents

Additional Flow Cytometry Reagents

R&D Systems' Annexin V Kit takes advantage of the binding properties of Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) to enable the researcher to rapidly detect apoptosis by flow cytometry. During apoptosis, the cell membrane's phospholipid asymmetry changes - phosphatidylserine (PS) is exposed on the outer membrane while membrane integrity is maintained. Annexin V specifically binds PS. Apoptotic cells stain with annexin V that has been conjugated to fluorescein, necrotic cells with annexin and PI, and live cells with neither.

StatusFlow(tm) Whole Blood Control is a stable reference control for the complete process of lymphocyte immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. StatusFlow monitors instrument set-up and performance, RBC lysis, antibody staining, and data analysis. This whole blood control, which is used exactly as a sample of freshly drawn blood, is compatible with many reagent and instrument systems. StatusFlow assay values are reported as percent of total lymphocytes and as absolute number of cells of the following phenotypes: CD3 ⁺ , CD3 ⁺ /CD4 ⁺ , CD3 ⁺ /CD8 ⁺ , CD19 ⁺ and CD3-/CD16 ⁺ 56 ⁺ . Please inquire for additional phenotypes. StatusFlow is for in vitro diagnostic use. For more information on StatusFlow, visit the StatusFlow website at www.StatusFlow.com .

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